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Higher prices for fast food, soda lead to weight reductions, lower diabetes risk

Posted on March 11, 2010 by Staff

UNC News Services

CHAPEL HILL – A new study that followed participants for 20 years shows both weight and risk for diabetes decreased for people in communities where fast-food prices increased.

A UNC study, published in the March 8 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, also showed the reverse – when fast-food prices fell, consumption, weight and diabetes risks rose.

“These results indicate that increasing the price of fast foods and sodas can affect adult behavior, and steer them toward healthier diets, lower weight and less risk of diabetes,” said senior author Barry Popkin, the Carla Smith Chamblee Distinguished Professor of Nutrition at UNC’s Gillings School of Global Public Health.

Popkin said taxes have been proposed on fast foods and soft drinks in some states, such as New York. In a number of countries, including Denmark and others in Europe, they are used to discourage consumption and encourage healthy diets.

“This study gives us strong scientific evidence that price policies, including taxes, could actually be effective at helping control obesity and the resulting chronic diseases, like diabetes,” Popkin said. “Our results provide robust evidence to support the potential health benefits of taxing selected foods and beverages as a way of improving public health.”

Popkin and his colleagues used data from more than 5,000 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. When the study started in 1985, CARDIA participants lived in four U.S. cities. In the intervening years, they have moved to 48 states. Researchers collected information on the average prices of products, including restaurant pizza, burgers, soft drinks and whole milk, in the counties in which each participant lived. Prices were adjusted to 2006 levels.

When researchers analyzed the diet, weight and insulin levels of study participants, they found that when prices of fast foods and sodas went up just 10 percent, participants consumed on average 7.1 percent fewer calories from soda and 11.5 percent fewer calories from pizza. That translates to about 56 fewer calories a day, which corresponds to a reduction of about three to four pounds a year per person, Popkin said. The participants whose fast-food prices rose also gained less weight and had a lower risk for diabetes based on a test for fasting insulin (HOMA-IR).

Taxation, particularly in the form of an excise tax, could be helpful, as such measures have proved successful in smoking cessation efforts, Popkin said.

“For these fast foods, taxes would represent the most effective way to reduce adult obesity that we have today, based on this research,” Popkin said. He also noted that cigarette taxes have been found to have a much larger effect on teenage than on adult smoking, and he would expect that fast-food taxes would similarly have a larger effect on children and teens.
For more information on the paper, titled “Food Price and Diet and Health Outcomes: 20 Years of the CARDIA study,” see archinte.ama-assn.org

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