| Prior to World War I (1914-18) the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire had for centuries controlled most of the Middle East and (for varying amounts of time) North Africa and Southeast Europe. Following the war the Empire was partitioned by the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres and after a period of turmoil and warfare the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti in Turkish) was established in 1923. The country was historically called Turkey but in 2022 the Turkish government informed the United Nations that it prefers the official spelling Türkiye to be used in English. The Directory uses the spelling Türkiye in its descriptions but retains Turkish as the adjective form and preserves the more familiar spelling Turkey on the index page. Most of Turkey (97%) occupies the broad peninsula of Anatolia (Asia Minor) between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea; the remaining 3% is the region of East Thrace at the southeastern corner of Europe. Between Anatolia and Thrace is the small Sea of Marmara (Marmara Denizi) connected to the Black Sea by the Bosporus (İstanbul Boğazı) and to the Aegean Sea by the Dardanelles (Çanakkale Boğazı) These narrow passages form a famous international waterway, lit by several historic lighthouses, connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. Türkiye is divided into 81 provinces (iller). This page describes the lighthouses in the provinces of Yalova, Kocaeli, and Sarkaya, plus the portion of Istanbul on the Asiatic side of the Bosporus. Lights on the European side of the Bosporus are described on the European Türkiye page. These provinces are loacted in northwestern Anatolia on the north side of the Sea of Marmara. Sakarya faces north on the Black Sea, while Kocaeli has coasts on both the Sea of Marmara to the south and the Black Sea to the north. Since the 1920s the Turkish language has been written in a Latin script; a distinctive feature of the alphabet is that the dotted (İ and i) and dotless (I and ı) forms of the letter I are different letters. The Turkish phrase for a lighthouse is fener (plural fenerler) or deniz feneri ("sea lantern"). Ada or adası is an island, yarımada is a peninsula, kaya is a rock or reef, burnu is a cape, burun ("nose") is a headland, körfez is a gulf, koy is a bay or inlet, boğazı is a strait, nehir is a river, and liman is a harbor. Lighthouses in Türkiye are operated by the Directorate General of Coastal Safety (Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü, KEGM). ARLHS numbers are from the ARLHS World List of Lights Admiralty numbers are from volume N of the Admiralty List of Lights & Fog Signals. U.S. NGA List numbers are from Publication 113.
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Yalova Province (Sea of Marmara) Lighthouses
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Kocaeli Province South Coast (Sea of Marmara) Lighthouses
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Eastern İstanbul (Asiatic Side) Lighthouses
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![]() Fenerbahçe Light, İstanbul, November 2024 photo copyright Capt. Peter Mosselberger; used by permission |
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Kocaeli Province and Sakarya Province Black Sea Lighthouses
Information available on lost lighthouses: Notable faux lighthouses: |
Adjoining pages: East: Northern Anatolia | South: Southern Marmara | West: European Türkiye
Return to the Lighthouse Directory index | Ratings key
Posted April 16, 2007. Checked and revised June 17, 2025. Lighthouses: 30. Site copyright 2025 Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.